Multi-omics study in China reveals Methanobrevibacter-derived L-3-aminoisobutyrate alleviates subclinical mastitis in dairy goats via HSPA1B-p65 signaling (microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com)

• Integrated metagenomics, metabolomics, FMT, and proteomics identified gut-microbiota-derived BAIBA as protective against subclinical mastitis in dairy goats.
• Methanobrevibacter depletion and opportunistic bacterial enrichment characterized SCM gut dysbiosis; FMT confirmed causal role.
• BAIBA reduced mammary inflammation via HSPA1B upregulation and NF-κB suppression in vitro and in vivo.
• Intramammary BAIBA administration lowered somatic cell count in naturally infected goats.

"This study integrated metagenomics, metabolomics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in 12 Saanen dairy goats (6 healthy, 6 subclinical mastitis) and mice to explore the gut-mammary axis. Subclinical mastitis was associated with gut dysbiosis, notably depletion of archaeal Methanobrevibacter spp. and enrichment of opportunistic bacteria. The metabolite L-3-aminoisobutyrate (BAIBA), enriched in healthy goats and produced by Methanobrevibacter via vorA/B/D genes, attenuated mammary epithelial inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Intramammary BAIBA administration in naturally infected goats reduced somatic cell count, suggesting a non-antibiotic therapeutic potential via the HSPA1B-NF-κB axis."