Seed Microbiome: Composition, Functions, and Future Directions in Plant Health and Sustainable Agriculture (link.springer.com)

• Core microbiome stable; transient fraction variable
• Promotes germination, growth, and stress resistance
• Vertical transmission ensures intergenerational inheritance
• Challenges: low biomass, host DNA contamination
• Multi-omics approaches needed for comprehensive analysis

"A comprehensive review of the seed microbiome covering its taxonomic composition, transmission mechanisms, and functional roles in plant growth, stress resistance, and disease suppression. The article highlights challenges of low microbial biomass, host DNA contamination, and taxonomic gaps, particularly for non-bacterial and fungal communities. It emphasizes the need for multi-omics approaches and mechanistic studies to translate knowledge into agricultural applications for improved sustainability and food security."