Metagenomics and culturomics reveal dual role of gut microbiome in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com)

• 589 patients: grade≥2 irAE associated with improved OS and PFS
• Metagenomics: R. gnavus and S. vestibularis enriched in irAE patients
• Culturomics isolated C. paraputrificum and Streptococcus spp. from ir-colitis stool
• P. bifermentans promotes subclinical colitis and enhances ICI anti-tumor efficacy

"A study combining shotgun metagenomics and culturomics investigated the dual role of the gut microbiome in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In 589 melanoma and NSCLC patients, grade≥2 irAE was associated with longer survival. Metagenomics showed enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus and Streptococcus vestibularis, while culturomics isolated Clostridium paraputrificum. Paraclostridium bifermentans promoted subclinical colitis and enhanced ICI anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models."